"The Fundamentals of Software Testing" is the first module of the ISEB Foundation course and examination syllabus. ISEB recommend that Foundation students spend 20% of their study time on the Fundamentals course section. "The Fundamentals of Software Testing" is also the title of the opening chapter in the official ISEB Software Testing manual.
Understanding the fundamentals of software testing is clearly crucial to achieving proficiency according to the ISEB professional standards. But what, precisely, are these "fundamentals" , and what do you need to know in order to pass the ISEB Foundation examination?
Why is testing necessary?
According to Peter Morgan (freelance testing practitioner and member of the ISEB Accreditation and Examination panel), an unnecessarily high proportion of IT systems fail to fulfil expectations - or fail to work at all - because of insufficient software testing prior to release.
Software testing cannot guarantee against software problems or even failure, but it can minimise the risk of faults developing once the software is in use. In order to understand why software testing is necessary, it is important to consider the causes and impact of IT systems failure, and the crucial role that testing plays in Quality Assurance.
The ISEB Foundation training-courses focus on five learning requirements:
• The potential impact of an IT systems failure;
• Causes/effects of software failure;
• Why testing is necessary;
• Testing versus Quality Assurance;
• Basic industry terminology.
What is testing?
Software Testing is a method of identifying faults in the product before it is released; this includes defects in the software code and its execution, as well as any potential gap between what the code is supposed to do and what it actually does.
The ISEB Software Testing Foundation exam requires students to:
• Know the basic objectives of testing;
• Understand how these testing objectives apply in the context of creating, using and supporting software (including the difference between testing and 'debugging', and the different uses of static testing and dynamic testing).
General testing principles
The ISEB courses introduce students to 7 software testing principles:
• Testing can show that problems exist, but not that problems do not exist.
• Testing covers a limited range of sample situations, and is not comprehensive.
• The earlier a problem is found, the less it costs to fix.
• Defects will tend to cluster around specific areas (e.g. system complexity, or staff inexperience). These areas can be particularly targeted by testers.
• A set of tests, run repeatedly, will have diminishing effect.
• The type, design and focus of testing will vary according to the software tested.
• A test that does not reveal errors does not prove that the software is error-free.
Fundamental test process
Software testing is not simply a case of reviewing documentation or running a software program to check for bugs. To ensure that the appropriate tests are operated effectively and return value on the invested resources, it is crucial that software testers carry out five basic activities, which the ISEB Software Testing guidance links to form a software testing process:
1. Test planning and control
a. Test planning defines what will be tested, how it will be tested, and who we will know when the testing is complete.
b. Test control is an iterative activity that compares the progress against the plan, and adjusts the plan as required.
2. Test analysis and design
a. Test analysis considers the specific conditions to be tested, and how these test conditions are to be combined into test cases.
b. Test design describes the expected outcome of the test, so that testers can easily recognise when a fault has occurred.
3. Test implementation and execution
Execution represents the most visible testing activity, and encompasses setting up the tests, generating test data, logging test activities and analyzing the test results.
4. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting
The test "exit criteria" (established during "Test planning and control") indicate that testing is complete.
5. Test closure activities
• Ensure that all documentation has been correctly completed
• Close down and archive the test environment, infrastructure and testware
• Hand over testware to maintenance team
• Log lessons learned
The psychology of testing
Selecting the appropriate individual(s) to perform the tests, and communicating the results of the tests to the developers, requires a basic understanding of the psychology of testers and developers.
The ISEB guidance provides a hierarchy of 'independence' - that is, a list of individuals who could potentially test the software, gradated according to their perceived level of detachment from the development process:
• The authors of the code
• Members of the same development team as the authors of the code
• A different group within the same organization
• A different organization
There are varying advantages and disadvantages to individuals at different levels in the hierarchy performing the software tests. For example, the developer might be able to resolve a difficulty more quickly, but might be also be less likely to spot the difficulties in the first place.
In addition to the independence/detachment of the testers from the software development process, it is important to consider how testers can communicate the results of the test to the developers. The ISEB Software Testing Foundation exam requires students to explain strategies for providing courteous feedback on defects, for example:
• Focus on delivering quality, rather than pointing out mistakes;
• Test reports are not directed towards people but towards products;
• Discuss problems openly, and attempt mutual understanding;
• At the end of a discussion, confirm that both parties understand what has been agreed.
Sunday, August 16, 2009
Thursday, May 28, 2009
Project Management Institute(PMI)
PMI is better known as Project Management Institute. Your PMI certification is will get you through the door in the project management profession. The PMI certification training is highly important to you when it comes to the world of IT. Your practice exams for the PMI are harder than the actual PMI exams which mean that you will have great practice for the real thing.
All of the practice exam questions are free to you and come with the PMI training tools and the PMI exam preparation. You will be able to get yourself ready for the final exam in order to pass your certifications with flying colors. Also, the PMI study guide gives that extra edge. For certification preparation you should consult with IT certifications
The IT Industry
By working with exams king or exams experts, you could not possibly be more prepared for your exams as if you were to start today. There is no time like the present to get started in the IT industry. The PMI will get you prepared for all of the aspects of management that you could possibly need.
You will be viewed as an expert in your field with these certifications. Employers will see you as someone who is ready for the IT industry and as someone who is a go getter and a self starter. This is important to IT employers to know that they do not need to babysit a new employee so to speak.
Bright Career with PMI
Keeping all of this in mind when you are thinking about starting your career can get you motivated in the right direction. Your future should be bright and shiny and with the PMI certifications, your future will be bright and shiny. Major companies view the PMI as a great stepping stone in the right direction of the IT industry. PMI will help you to get those management certifications and you will be on the right road.By enrolling in this class, your PMI exams will be much easier and you will be able to meet the requirements of employers who feel that the PMI is important for your employment. When you are thinking of IT, think of PMI.
All of the practice exam questions are free to you and come with the PMI training tools and the PMI exam preparation. You will be able to get yourself ready for the final exam in order to pass your certifications with flying colors. Also, the PMI study guide gives that extra edge. For certification preparation you should consult with IT certifications
The IT Industry
By working with exams king or exams experts, you could not possibly be more prepared for your exams as if you were to start today. There is no time like the present to get started in the IT industry. The PMI will get you prepared for all of the aspects of management that you could possibly need.
You will be viewed as an expert in your field with these certifications. Employers will see you as someone who is ready for the IT industry and as someone who is a go getter and a self starter. This is important to IT employers to know that they do not need to babysit a new employee so to speak.
Bright Career with PMI
Keeping all of this in mind when you are thinking about starting your career can get you motivated in the right direction. Your future should be bright and shiny and with the PMI certifications, your future will be bright and shiny. Major companies view the PMI as a great stepping stone in the right direction of the IT industry. PMI will help you to get those management certifications and you will be on the right road.By enrolling in this class, your PMI exams will be much easier and you will be able to meet the requirements of employers who feel that the PMI is important for your employment. When you are thinking of IT, think of PMI.
Attitude and Practical Aptitude and Your PMP Exam Preparation
If you are determined to get a PMP certification, then you must have the right attitude matched with practical attitude to have a stress-free PMP Exam Preparation.
Why Attitude?
Any passer or flunker of the of the PMP Exam will tell you that the PMP Exam Preparation should be, the be all and end all, before you take the computer based PMP examination. If your preparation is a hasty one or you're over-confident of your experience to trouble-shoot actual work-related problems, you might be in for a surprise.
The test questions do not implicitly demand a bookish answer but will test your comprehension of the fundamental theories in project management - no matter what the professional field, the theories and the interlacing applications are the same.
Be ready for 35 contact hours of training focused on project management. A reliable PMP Exam Preparation demands this before giving out the completion certification as a qualification for the actual examination. You should have the attitude to actively participate in the learning process by seriously giving time to study and absorb the lessons.
If the pace of the lessons is too fast, don't be timid. Ask the people giving the PMP Exam Preparation to consider your pace; they will be willing to do this because their top priority is the student's success during the exams. There will be moments of boredom despite your willingness to go through the lessons - but with the right attitude, you can redirect you're your efforts to stay interested; after all, you invest time, money, and effort for your career.
Practical Aptitude
The PMP Exam Preparation tests your aptitude to respond to problems in the workplace. If you are naturally gifted with the ability to evaluate tricky situations and can assess how limited resources and manpower can be harnessed to get the desired effect, you will appreciate the lessons for the PMP exam. GIFTED OR NOT, you can still learn more during the preparations.
Another requirement spelled out is comprehension of written and verbal instructions. All instructions are useless if you cannot immediately understand instructions. Managers must have this practical aptitude to succeed in following and giving instructions. During the intensive preparation, this aptitude is tested to the limits.
As you ride along the lessons get more information and do research on the topics given to you. It helps to have more ideas from various experts in different fields. Perhaps, if you do take the PMP Exam Preparation, you have more ammunition to understand the whole preparation.
When Doing Self-Study
Discipline is the key to a successful preparation. Your attitude and aptitude makes it easy for you to be dedicated and disciplined. The long hours of study, the research, and absorbing all the lessons can drain your brain thus you need all the discipline you can get from within you.
There will be practice test to challenge to do better with different lessons as you progress with your PMP Exam Preparation. To get the best from your preparation and to ace those practice tests and eventually the big one, go for an institution that that meets the PMI's rigid requirements. A Registered Education Provider logo should alert you that you are getting one of the best - now that is attitude and aptitude at work.
Why Attitude?
Any passer or flunker of the of the PMP Exam will tell you that the PMP Exam Preparation should be, the be all and end all, before you take the computer based PMP examination. If your preparation is a hasty one or you're over-confident of your experience to trouble-shoot actual work-related problems, you might be in for a surprise.
The test questions do not implicitly demand a bookish answer but will test your comprehension of the fundamental theories in project management - no matter what the professional field, the theories and the interlacing applications are the same.
Be ready for 35 contact hours of training focused on project management. A reliable PMP Exam Preparation demands this before giving out the completion certification as a qualification for the actual examination. You should have the attitude to actively participate in the learning process by seriously giving time to study and absorb the lessons.
If the pace of the lessons is too fast, don't be timid. Ask the people giving the PMP Exam Preparation to consider your pace; they will be willing to do this because their top priority is the student's success during the exams. There will be moments of boredom despite your willingness to go through the lessons - but with the right attitude, you can redirect you're your efforts to stay interested; after all, you invest time, money, and effort for your career.
Practical Aptitude
The PMP Exam Preparation tests your aptitude to respond to problems in the workplace. If you are naturally gifted with the ability to evaluate tricky situations and can assess how limited resources and manpower can be harnessed to get the desired effect, you will appreciate the lessons for the PMP exam. GIFTED OR NOT, you can still learn more during the preparations.
Another requirement spelled out is comprehension of written and verbal instructions. All instructions are useless if you cannot immediately understand instructions. Managers must have this practical aptitude to succeed in following and giving instructions. During the intensive preparation, this aptitude is tested to the limits.
As you ride along the lessons get more information and do research on the topics given to you. It helps to have more ideas from various experts in different fields. Perhaps, if you do take the PMP Exam Preparation, you have more ammunition to understand the whole preparation.
When Doing Self-Study
Discipline is the key to a successful preparation. Your attitude and aptitude makes it easy for you to be dedicated and disciplined. The long hours of study, the research, and absorbing all the lessons can drain your brain thus you need all the discipline you can get from within you.
There will be practice test to challenge to do better with different lessons as you progress with your PMP Exam Preparation. To get the best from your preparation and to ace those practice tests and eventually the big one, go for an institution that that meets the PMI's rigid requirements. A Registered Education Provider logo should alert you that you are getting one of the best - now that is attitude and aptitude at work.
Surviving the PMP Exam Preparations
Rome was not built in a day, so don't expect that you can have everything all at once pretty as you please. For the PMP exam, imagine law or medical school. This is not to scare you off but to help you cope the preparation rigors.
Is This Your First Attempt?
On the first time you prepare for the PMP Exam, you can drown in the overwhelming information, formulas, and lessons, all reminiscent of high school and college under the tutelage of demanding instructors; this time though on a different level. Forget about cheating, you won't be able to do this and what if you're found out?
This time too, you are determined to make the grade because of promised better job opportunities and compensation. The thought that 30% of first time candidates of the PMP Exam fail can diminish your resolve and your self confidence. Fact is the computerized test format is gruesome with 200 questions that must be answered within four hours.
For the test, there are 200 sticky questions. To make the situation stickier there are no wrong answers! You have to choose the best answer that befits the cataclysmic situation. If you are an engineer, you might be grappling with a foreign issue e.g. accounting; or if you are an accountant, you might be tortured to numbness by an engineering fiasco.
Now you are already shaking, but first things first. Don't scare yourself. The fear of failure can affect your performance. Beat this by assess you learning style. Do you learn faster by going it alone or do you flourish in a classroom environment? Do you prefer video lessons or do you love to read and write what you read until your brain absorbs the lessons? When you know what's best for you, go for it.
Before the PMP Exam
Long before the PMP exam, prepare all the documents you need. Let family members do the job of looking up exam schedules and venues, and getting what you need for your lessons because time away from your studies at the start of the course can break your momentum.
In midstream, a little voice will tell you to go over something you find difficult. Follow that voice because it is a warning that this is your weak area. Master that and if you don't well, expect it to appear on the test questions. This usually occurs when you're in midst of the preparation. Follow that hunch and don't be satisfied with a so-so understanding. Master it.
During the preparations for the PMP Exam, get physical and go to bed on regular hours to get enough sleep. Regular exercise and enough restful sleep make you mentally alert, creative, and your memory retention increases. The regimen will help you stick to your study plan, no matter how tedious it can be.
Two days before the PMP exam, hit the gym to release all the tension and ease those knotty muscles, but avoid exercising late in the night because you'll find it difficult to sleep; avoid alcohol, eat healthy, and relax your mind to your favorite music. The day before the exam, go over some video taped lessons just for a refresher but don't sweat the whole thing. When the brain is taxed, it reacts by forgetting the things you should remember, so relax and enjoy the day.
Is This Your First Attempt?
On the first time you prepare for the PMP Exam, you can drown in the overwhelming information, formulas, and lessons, all reminiscent of high school and college under the tutelage of demanding instructors; this time though on a different level. Forget about cheating, you won't be able to do this and what if you're found out?
This time too, you are determined to make the grade because of promised better job opportunities and compensation. The thought that 30% of first time candidates of the PMP Exam fail can diminish your resolve and your self confidence. Fact is the computerized test format is gruesome with 200 questions that must be answered within four hours.
For the test, there are 200 sticky questions. To make the situation stickier there are no wrong answers! You have to choose the best answer that befits the cataclysmic situation. If you are an engineer, you might be grappling with a foreign issue e.g. accounting; or if you are an accountant, you might be tortured to numbness by an engineering fiasco.
Now you are already shaking, but first things first. Don't scare yourself. The fear of failure can affect your performance. Beat this by assess you learning style. Do you learn faster by going it alone or do you flourish in a classroom environment? Do you prefer video lessons or do you love to read and write what you read until your brain absorbs the lessons? When you know what's best for you, go for it.
Before the PMP Exam
Long before the PMP exam, prepare all the documents you need. Let family members do the job of looking up exam schedules and venues, and getting what you need for your lessons because time away from your studies at the start of the course can break your momentum.
In midstream, a little voice will tell you to go over something you find difficult. Follow that voice because it is a warning that this is your weak area. Master that and if you don't well, expect it to appear on the test questions. This usually occurs when you're in midst of the preparation. Follow that hunch and don't be satisfied with a so-so understanding. Master it.
During the preparations for the PMP Exam, get physical and go to bed on regular hours to get enough sleep. Regular exercise and enough restful sleep make you mentally alert, creative, and your memory retention increases. The regimen will help you stick to your study plan, no matter how tedious it can be.
Two days before the PMP exam, hit the gym to release all the tension and ease those knotty muscles, but avoid exercising late in the night because you'll find it difficult to sleep; avoid alcohol, eat healthy, and relax your mind to your favorite music. The day before the exam, go over some video taped lessons just for a refresher but don't sweat the whole thing. When the brain is taxed, it reacts by forgetting the things you should remember, so relax and enjoy the day.
Memory Boosters For Your PMP Exam Prepration
You are what you eat. You probably heard that from avid vegetarians and pescatarians who swear by the benefits of fruits and vegetables and fish in keeping the mind and body healthy. Well, it never hurts to try something new especially when it comes to helping you during the grueling PMP exam prepration.
With that being said, here are the memory-boosting foods that will help your brain cope with the myriad of information and formulas to be digested from the thick PMBOK.
Berries Galore
Yes, those lowly berries actually are food for the brain! Of course, the red and purple berries are the best kinds because these are rich in phytochemicals that are good for your PMP exam prep-stressed mind.
Blueberries, cherries and strawberries are good bets. Blueberries and cherries are good sources of the phytochemical known as anthocyanin, which are proven memory boosters. Also, you will be lowering your risk for cancer, diabetes and bacterial infections when you eat plenty of these fruits. And who does not want to live longer to enjoy the benefits of success?
Strawberries, on the other hand, produce fisetin that stimulates the pathways where signals travel through the brain. In layman's terms, you are enhancing your long-term memory capacity, which is very important during the period from the PMP exam prep to the exam proper itself.
Grapes and Apples
Yes, the symbols of abundance and of temptation definitely are good for you! Grapes, no matter if these are red, black, green and purple, contain quercetin and anthocyanin, which are important antioxidants. However, you can always opt to drink one glass of wine a day to approximate the nutrients you will be getting from fresh grapes. Remember, just one glass a day because you want to be sober, not drunk while engaged in your PMP exam prep.As for apples, the temptation to opt for quick snacks like junk foods can be lessened with this yummy fruit. Not only will you have a better memory, you might even be lowering your risks for Alzheimer's disease!
Dark, Leafy Green Vegetables
Remember when your mother used to remind you to eat your vegetables because they will make you happy and bright? Well, motherly advice and folklore aside, scientific studies have indeed proven that dark, leafy green vegetables can make you happier and smarter!
Well, it's not too late to start with your PMP exam prep. You can add more servings of spinach, broccoli, and asparagus to enhance your memory capacity, not to mention provide you with the nutrients to keep healthy even amidst the craziness of the preparation and the examination!
Other vegetables like onions, red beets and eggplants can be added to your diet. The point is to stay away from junk foods and fast foods that are bad for your health; you will need all the health and help you can get during this period of your life.
Fish and More Fish
If you are the steaks kind of person, you had better start eating more fish. Studies have shown that omega 3 oils, which are abundant in fatty fishes like salmon and tuna, reduces cell inflammation. This, in turn, helps in preventing memory decline. (On a side note, that probably explains why the Japanese are one of the least forgetful people in the world).Ultimately, your success during the PMP exam prep will depend on your dedication and determination. However, it does not hurt to feed your mind and body the right foods to fuel your dedication and determination!
With that being said, here are the memory-boosting foods that will help your brain cope with the myriad of information and formulas to be digested from the thick PMBOK.
Berries Galore
Yes, those lowly berries actually are food for the brain! Of course, the red and purple berries are the best kinds because these are rich in phytochemicals that are good for your PMP exam prep-stressed mind.
Blueberries, cherries and strawberries are good bets. Blueberries and cherries are good sources of the phytochemical known as anthocyanin, which are proven memory boosters. Also, you will be lowering your risk for cancer, diabetes and bacterial infections when you eat plenty of these fruits. And who does not want to live longer to enjoy the benefits of success?
Strawberries, on the other hand, produce fisetin that stimulates the pathways where signals travel through the brain. In layman's terms, you are enhancing your long-term memory capacity, which is very important during the period from the PMP exam prep to the exam proper itself.
Grapes and Apples
Yes, the symbols of abundance and of temptation definitely are good for you! Grapes, no matter if these are red, black, green and purple, contain quercetin and anthocyanin, which are important antioxidants. However, you can always opt to drink one glass of wine a day to approximate the nutrients you will be getting from fresh grapes. Remember, just one glass a day because you want to be sober, not drunk while engaged in your PMP exam prep.As for apples, the temptation to opt for quick snacks like junk foods can be lessened with this yummy fruit. Not only will you have a better memory, you might even be lowering your risks for Alzheimer's disease!
Dark, Leafy Green Vegetables
Remember when your mother used to remind you to eat your vegetables because they will make you happy and bright? Well, motherly advice and folklore aside, scientific studies have indeed proven that dark, leafy green vegetables can make you happier and smarter!
Well, it's not too late to start with your PMP exam prep. You can add more servings of spinach, broccoli, and asparagus to enhance your memory capacity, not to mention provide you with the nutrients to keep healthy even amidst the craziness of the preparation and the examination!
Other vegetables like onions, red beets and eggplants can be added to your diet. The point is to stay away from junk foods and fast foods that are bad for your health; you will need all the health and help you can get during this period of your life.
Fish and More Fish
If you are the steaks kind of person, you had better start eating more fish. Studies have shown that omega 3 oils, which are abundant in fatty fishes like salmon and tuna, reduces cell inflammation. This, in turn, helps in preventing memory decline. (On a side note, that probably explains why the Japanese are one of the least forgetful people in the world).Ultimately, your success during the PMP exam prep will depend on your dedication and determination. However, it does not hurt to feed your mind and body the right foods to fuel your dedication and determination!
Friday, May 8, 2009
ITIL Foundation Certification Examination Taking Tips
The EXIN or ISEB ITIL Foundation examination comprises of 40 multiple choices questions where an answer out of 4 possible answers given has to be selected. One mark is given for a correct answer and no marks are deducted for an incorrect answer. Time allocated is 1 hour and a score of at least 26 marks out of 40 is needed to pass.
Many may dread the idea of having to sit for an examination and perform below par even though they may be sufficiently prepared for the examination through self study or have attended a formal training course.
These are the tips that I typically share with the participants of the ITIL Foundation course before they sit for the ITIL Foundation certification examinations. Most have found these tips useful.
1. You have 60 minutes to answer 40 questions. This works out to 1.5 minutes per question. This is more than enough time. Therefore, no need to rush, take your time.
2. It is natural to be a little bit nervous in the beginning, therefore it is a good practice to relax a little. Attempt the easy questions first, followed by the questions that are more difficult. If you are skipping questions, make sure you mark your answers correctly next to the question number in the answer sheet or form.
3. There are always a few tricky questions within the 40 questions. Do not panic if you do not know the answers to these few questions. You can still pass the exam and get your certification.
4. Many candidates are making the wrong choice because they did not clearly understand what was asked in the question. One key tip is that you have to read the question carefully.
5. Look for the KEYWORDS in the questions and answers. Most of the time, they will lead you to the right choice. Sometimes the answer is simpler than you think!
6. It could be that you have implemented ITIL or IT Service Management different from the book. This examination is based on the ITIL books. Therefore for this one hour: forget your experience!
7. Be extra careful when the question has words like "best," "most accurate," "most closely." It indicates that multiple options in this question are (somewhat) right. There is however only one answer that is the most complete and therefore the BEST.
8. Be extra careful when the question has word "NOT" in it.
9. If you do not know what is right, it helps when you start with what is wrong. Narrow down the possibilities by eliminating some answer(s) that you know is/are wrong.
10. If you have to make a guess, it is a good practice NOT to change the answer later (unless you absolutely know the answer after some careful thought). In other words: if you need to make a guess, do not guess again! Your intuition is often right the first time.
With the above tips, hopefully you will do the best you can for your examinations.
Many may dread the idea of having to sit for an examination and perform below par even though they may be sufficiently prepared for the examination through self study or have attended a formal training course.
These are the tips that I typically share with the participants of the ITIL Foundation course before they sit for the ITIL Foundation certification examinations. Most have found these tips useful.
1. You have 60 minutes to answer 40 questions. This works out to 1.5 minutes per question. This is more than enough time. Therefore, no need to rush, take your time.
2. It is natural to be a little bit nervous in the beginning, therefore it is a good practice to relax a little. Attempt the easy questions first, followed by the questions that are more difficult. If you are skipping questions, make sure you mark your answers correctly next to the question number in the answer sheet or form.
3. There are always a few tricky questions within the 40 questions. Do not panic if you do not know the answers to these few questions. You can still pass the exam and get your certification.
4. Many candidates are making the wrong choice because they did not clearly understand what was asked in the question. One key tip is that you have to read the question carefully.
5. Look for the KEYWORDS in the questions and answers. Most of the time, they will lead you to the right choice. Sometimes the answer is simpler than you think!
6. It could be that you have implemented ITIL or IT Service Management different from the book. This examination is based on the ITIL books. Therefore for this one hour: forget your experience!
7. Be extra careful when the question has words like "best," "most accurate," "most closely." It indicates that multiple options in this question are (somewhat) right. There is however only one answer that is the most complete and therefore the BEST.
8. Be extra careful when the question has word "NOT" in it.
9. If you do not know what is right, it helps when you start with what is wrong. Narrow down the possibilities by eliminating some answer(s) that you know is/are wrong.
10. If you have to make a guess, it is a good practice NOT to change the answer later (unless you absolutely know the answer after some careful thought). In other words: if you need to make a guess, do not guess again! Your intuition is often right the first time.
With the above tips, hopefully you will do the best you can for your examinations.
Changing Your Career With an MCSA Certification
Among Microsoft various system certifications, the Microsoft Certified Server Administrator certification is among the most highly-sought. Individuals who complete the requirements for this certification have demonstrated an uncommon knowledge of the workings and administration of Microsoft's Server 2000 and Server 2003 platforms. For those who wish to expand their knowledge and increase their earning potential within a company or to change career, there are few more useful courses of study.
The MCSA program is somewhat different than the MCSE, the latter being the certification most often held by the best contractors who set up and deploy the Microsoft Server 2000 and Server 2003 technologies. Unlike an MCSE, an individual with an MCSA is an expert in operating the server technologies, is familiar with the best ways to deploy their various features and has an in-depth knowledge of the networking, security and function of server operating systems. The principal difference is that individuals with an MCSA are not typically responsible for designing the architecture or coordinating the actual implementation of a server running Server 2000 or 2003 but are, rather, concerned with keeping those systems running at their most efficient and with installing and maintaining the various components that allow a company to tailor those systems to their specific needs.
For employers, the MCSA certification is a guarantee that the individual bearing it is qualified to handle just about any server administration issue. The certification, in fact, is designed to offer some differentiation between individuals who are at the top levels of the IT world. While an MCSE is usually called upon as an outside contractor to deploy Windows Server technologies, the MCSA is usually a staff person. When trying to find individuals who can fill the specific role of a server administrator, consider an MCSA certification a reason to have great confidence in their abilities.
MCSA certified individuals usually have a specialization, in addition to their broader certification. One of two specializations will be carried by individuals with MCSA certifications: security or messaging. Those individuals with the security specialization may also have passed tests that deal with specific security issues. MCSA Security specialists are an asset for any company and can help keep a company's system as secure from outside and inside threats as possible. MSCA messaging specialization certifications denote those individuals who have a significant knowledge of Server 2000 and Server 2003's various mail server components. Exchange Server is the most frequently-used email server program by those companies that use Microsoft Server products. MCSA's who have studied this program in depth understand the deployment, maintenance and workings of this email server to a degree that ensures that a company enjoys the best possible support for its email servers.
The MCSA certification is offered by many different Microsoft partners, many of whom offer the coursework online. This certification is often a stepping stone to the more advanced MCSE certification, though the earning potential of an MCSA certified tech is more than enough reason to pursue the certification. This certification will really help you change career.
The MCSA program is somewhat different than the MCSE, the latter being the certification most often held by the best contractors who set up and deploy the Microsoft Server 2000 and Server 2003 technologies. Unlike an MCSE, an individual with an MCSA is an expert in operating the server technologies, is familiar with the best ways to deploy their various features and has an in-depth knowledge of the networking, security and function of server operating systems. The principal difference is that individuals with an MCSA are not typically responsible for designing the architecture or coordinating the actual implementation of a server running Server 2000 or 2003 but are, rather, concerned with keeping those systems running at their most efficient and with installing and maintaining the various components that allow a company to tailor those systems to their specific needs.
For employers, the MCSA certification is a guarantee that the individual bearing it is qualified to handle just about any server administration issue. The certification, in fact, is designed to offer some differentiation between individuals who are at the top levels of the IT world. While an MCSE is usually called upon as an outside contractor to deploy Windows Server technologies, the MCSA is usually a staff person. When trying to find individuals who can fill the specific role of a server administrator, consider an MCSA certification a reason to have great confidence in their abilities.
MCSA certified individuals usually have a specialization, in addition to their broader certification. One of two specializations will be carried by individuals with MCSA certifications: security or messaging. Those individuals with the security specialization may also have passed tests that deal with specific security issues. MCSA Security specialists are an asset for any company and can help keep a company's system as secure from outside and inside threats as possible. MSCA messaging specialization certifications denote those individuals who have a significant knowledge of Server 2000 and Server 2003's various mail server components. Exchange Server is the most frequently-used email server program by those companies that use Microsoft Server products. MCSA's who have studied this program in depth understand the deployment, maintenance and workings of this email server to a degree that ensures that a company enjoys the best possible support for its email servers.
The MCSA certification is offered by many different Microsoft partners, many of whom offer the coursework online. This certification is often a stepping stone to the more advanced MCSE certification, though the earning potential of an MCSA certified tech is more than enough reason to pursue the certification. This certification will really help you change career.
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